Week_2

A new seating chart has been established.  If you were in class next week and don't see your name, you forgot to write it on the questionnaire.    You are indicated by the "???"s on the seating chart.

Collecting Homework and Intro to Server. 

1. Create a folder on your desktop.  Name it "lastname_firstname_week1" then place your illustrator files in the folder, along with your document for the research assignment on "fair use."   

Label: 
“last_first_bauhaus_symetrical”
“last_first_bauhaus_asymetrical”
“last_first_deco_symetrical” 
“last_first_deco_asymetrical” 
"last_first_shiele"
"last_first_fair_use" 

Once you have your files in your folder,  then you will connect to the server. 

Click on "Finder" then click on "Go"... "Connect to server"..."Dali"

Type in your login and password.    From here you will go to classes and find our course folder  FD170-D.  In the folder, you will see a folder marked "Week_1"  Place your folder in the appropriate folder. 



Creative Commons and Fair Use

Licensing your work

Licensing work with a Creative Commons (CC) license is easy.

Upon setting a Creative Commons license, the creator of the work decides if both commercial and noncommercial uses are allowed (some are noncommercial only), if others are allowed to modify the work once it is licensed (called, "derivative work"), and if derivative works are allowed, whether or not the newly modified work also has to be licensed with CC (called, "share alike").

The six types of licenses and a very brief description of each follows. More information can be found on CreativeCommons.org. All CC licenses state that the original author will be given credited for her work, in addition to the following details:

1.Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) This license provides the least freedom to others as the work cannot be used for commercial purposes and derivative works cannot be made (in other words, it would be illegal to use this work as part of a collage).

2.Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa) This license allows others to build upon the original work (for instance, this work could be used, legally, in a collage) as long as the new work is also licensed in the same manner, with a CC by-nc-sa.

3.Attribution Non-commercial (by-nc) This license allows others to build upon the original work (this work could be used, legally, in a collage) without having to license it as a CC by-nc. However, the resulting work cannot be used for commercial purposes and the original author, as with all CC licenses, must be credited.

4.Attribution No Derivatives (by-nd) This license allows others to use the work as it is, without making derivative work, for any purpose (commercial or noncommercial).

5.Attribution Share Alike (by-sa) This license allows others to use the work as it is or in derivative forms, for commercial and noncommercial purposes, as long as the new work is also licensed with the same CC by-sa license.

6.Attribution (by) This license provides the most freedom to others who want to use the licensed work.

Fair use and appropriation

Fair use

Reproduceablity is a principal trait of digital media. Unlike paintings, records, books, videotapes or even photographs, an exact replica of digital media can be made from the original file. This is true for digital photographs, Compact Discs (and MP3s), DVDs, and websites. From sampling to mashups, collage to subvertisements, contemporary artists and content creators use digital files as source material for the derivation of new works. These works are considered new and original, but they are sometimes built with bits and parts of copyrighted works. In the digital age, new works are often created when more than one existing work is recombined in a new way, providing new visual relationships and new ideas.

Copyright content can be used in a new work as long as permission is obtained from the copyright holder, or if the media use falls into the category of fair use. Under the fair use clause of copyright law, limited copyrighted material can be used for a "transformative" purpose, such as commenting upon, criticizing or parodying the initial material. The 4 key factors are

• the purpose of the derivative work
• the nature of the original work: was the original mostly factual or creative
• the amount of original work used
• the effect that the new work has on the potential or actual market value of the original

Kenneth Tinkin-Hung, 

This net art parody is protected by the fair use clause of the United States copyright laws

Appropriation

Appropriation is a word that is used by media artists to describe the visual or rhetorical action of taking over the meaning of something that is already known, by way of visual reference. For example, Andy Warhol appropriated the Campbell's soup can visual identity to make large, iconic silkscreen prints of the face of Campbell's soup cans. Warhol's soup cans are a modified version of "the real thing." The visual reference to the original soup can is important, as the viewer needs this information in order to understand the idea that the reference conveys (your personal translation of this could be something as simple as a popular American icon to a feeling associated with comfort food). By transforming not only the size and limited graphic palette for portraying the soup cans, but also the place where the viewer will encounter them (an art gallery as opposed to the grocery market), Warhol appropriates the original Campbell's soup cans to create American art that relates to popular culture in its iconic form. Appropriation falls into the category of fair use.

Another source for imagery are stock photography websites such as GettyImages.com or iStockPhoto.com. These websites are full of photographs and vector graphics to be used in advertising, corporate media, brochures, campaigns, and other design applications. The advantage of these sites is they seem to have endless search detail.The disadvantage is that the photographs are generic, and have the impersonal feel of an advertisement. No one ever looks as happy as a model in an advertisement; most people are as physically attractive there is an overall "generality" to the photographs. 

New tools in Illustrator

Similar to the shape builder tool is the pathfinder tool.  The pathfinder tool has the power to merge, intersect, exclude and subtract parts of two overlapping shapes.

Line tool

The line segment tool, arc tool, spiral tool and grid tool can be found in this panel.  There are times you might want to use the curvature tool, or just use the pen tool to create a line segment, but this is also a route you might take.




Grouping and Ungrouping shapes

-Grouping (command+G) 
-Ungrouping (command+shift+G) 
-Group Selection Tool (tear off panel from the direct selection tool) 

Brushes (from adobe classroom in a book) 
The variety of brush types in Adobe Illustrator CC lets you create a myriad of effects simply by painting or drawing using the Paintbrush tool or the drawing tools. You can work with the Blob Brush tool, choose from the Art, Calligraphic, Pattern, Bristle, or Scatter brushes, or create new brushes based on your artwork.

Working with brushes

Using brushes you can decorate paths with patterns, figures, brush strokes, textures, or angled strokes. You can modify the brushes provided with Illustrator and create your own brushes.

A. Calligraphic brush
B. Art brush
C. Bristle brush
D. Pattern brush
E. Scatter brush

You can apply brush strokes to existing paths, or you can use the Paintbrush tool to draw a path and apply a brush stroke simultaneously. You can change the color, size, and other features of a brush, and you can edit paths after brushes are applied (including adding a fill).

There are five types of brushes that appear in the Brushes panel (Window > Brushes): Calligraphic, Art, Bristle, Pattern, and Scatter. 

A. Brushes
B. Brush Libraries Menu
C. Libraries Panel
D. Remove Brush Stroke
E. Options Of Selected Object
F. New Brush
G. Delete Brush

Calligraphic brushes resemble strokes drawn with the angled point of a calligraphic pen. Calligraphic brushes are defined by an elliptical shape whose center follows the path. You can use these brushes to create the appearance of hand-drawn strokes made with a flat, angled pen tip.

Art brushes stretch artwork or an embedded raster image evenly along the length of a path. As with other brushes, you can edit the brush options to affect how the brush is applied to artwork.

Bristle brushes allow you to create strokes with the appearance of a natural brush with bristles. Painting with a Bristle brush, using the Paintbrush tool, creates vector paths with the Bristle brush applied. You’ll start by adjusting options for a brush to change how it appears in the artwork, and then paint with the Paintbrush tool and Bristle brush to create smoke.

Pattern brushes paint a pattern made up of separate sections, or tiles. When you apply a Pattern brush to artwork, different tiles of the pattern are applied to different sections of the path, depending on where the section falls on the path—the end, middle, or corner. There are hundreds of interesting Pattern brushes that you can choose from when creating your own projects, from grass to cityscapes. 

Scatter brushes can be made from vector artwork that you would like to distribute to various areas on your artboard/designs.  Here is a great video for you to refer back to on creating and altering custom brushes for your own symbols, artworks, and vector graphic motifs.

https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/how-to/illustrator-create-scatter-brush.html

Pencil Tool has variable accuracy and smoothness options found in the panel when double clicking the icon in the tools panel.  You might find this to be the best tool when making quick sketches or doing freehand type drawing.  It's less mathematical than the line or pen tool.  Here is a brief overview of the pencil tool from adobe 

https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/how-to/new-pencil-tool-in-illustrator.html

In Class Exercise: Work on using the pen tool to create the following make a list of 2 manmade and 2 natural/organic objects.   write these down on a small sheet of paper and tear them up and fold them.  

Create a vector image (either using a photograph or drawing you have made from a visual reference) of the objects you have selected. 

Homework: 

Combine the 2 objects (1 man made, 1 nature made) to create a new image.

Things to be thinking about:

*layout/design/composition (is it floating in the middle of the page?) 

*negative space/positive space

*symmetry/asymmetry

*color

*concepts/creativity (Are you just placing a hammer head on a rabbit body? Or are you thinking beyond the obvious?) 

Example from previous student work:

Manmade

Natural/Organic

Combination